PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM AL-GHAZALI DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN MODERN

Abstract

Al-Ghazali's thoughts on Islamic education are highly relevant to modern education today and can serve as a reference in shaping individuals who are faithful, knowledgeable, and have noble character. He emphasises the importance of balance between intellectual and spiritual aspects in the learning process. Education should not only focus on academic knowledge, but also on shaping the character and soul of students. Al-Ghazali's spiritual experience is also reflected in two main points that he puts forward as the ultimate goals of education, namely the achievement of human perfection that leads to closeness to Allah and human perfection that leads to happiness in this world and the hereafter. Meanwhile, according to al-Ghazali, the education curriculum classifies several parts: (1) syar'iyah (religious) and 'aqliyah (rational/intellectual) knowledge, as well as ghairu syar'iyah (non-religious) knowledge, whether it is praiseworthy (mahmud), permissible (mubah), or despicable (madzmum); (2) theoretical and practical knowledge; (3) hudhuri (present) knowledge and hushuli (acquired) knowledge; and (4) fardhu 'ain knowledge and fardhu kifayah knowledge. Al-Ghazali's classification of knowledge does not mean that he rejects the importance of studying all kinds of knowledge. Al-Ghazali only emphasises the need for humans to prioritise education by placing religious knowledge in the most urgent position