CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
type: channel
description: CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES adalah jurnal yang menerbitkan artikel penelitian yang mencangkup multidisiplin, yang meliputi; Humaniora dan ilmu sosial, ilmu politik kontemporer, ilmu pendidikan, psikologi, ilmu agama dan filsafat, ilmu teknik, bisnis dan ekonomi, Koperasi, teknologi, ilmu kesehatan, ilmu kedokteran, pengembangan SDM, ilmu seni desain dan media, komunikasi, pertanian, perhutanan dan ilmu-ilmu lainnya. CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES diterbitkan tiga bulan sekali dalam setahun, jurnal peer-review, dan mengkhususkan diri dalam penelitian lapangan dan kajian referensi yang berkaitan dengan multidisiplin keilmuan. Jurnal ini mengundang para cendekiawan dan pakar yang bekerja di semua disiplin ilmu. Artikel harus asli, berbasis penelitian lapangan dan literatur, tidak dipublikasikan dan tidak sedang dalam peninjauan untuk kemungkinan publikasi di jurnal lain. Semua makalah yang dikirimkan tunduk pada tinjauan editor, dewan redaksi, dan peninjau buta. Nama Jurnal : CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Bahasa : Indonesia ISSN : 3030-8135 (Online) Issue Frequently : Tiga Kali dalam Setahun Chief of Editor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aslan, M.Pd.I Publisher : Adisam Publisher this journal is indexed by:
publisher: Adisam Publisher
language: en
publication name: CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
issn: 3030-8135
items: ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. MAHAKA MEDIA Tbk PERIODE 2023-2024
items: PENGARUH METODE AL-BARQY MENGGUNAKAN KARTU HURUF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AL-QUR’AN DI SD ISLAM AL-AZHAR 67 BUKITTINGGI
items: IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS 1A DI MIS AT-TAQWA SAMBASTAHUN AJARAN 2023-2024
items: PENERAPAN ASESMEN SUMATIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DALAM KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SDS TARBIYATUL ISLAM SAMBAS
items: ANALISIS RISIKO HUKUM PENGGUNAAN ROBO-ADVISOR DALAM INVESTASI SAHAM SYARIAH: STUDI ASPEK GHARAR DAN MAYSIR
items: KARAKTER RELIGIUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI (STUDI KASUS PEMBIASAAN BERDO’A SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN BELAJARDI SPS BOUGENVIL) KECAMATAN CIRACAP
items: MENGINTEGRASIKAN PEMBELAJARAN SOSIAL DAN EMOSIONAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DI KELAS
items: KEBIJAKAN KEPALA SMP NEGERI 1 AIMAS DALAM IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU BERBASIS SEKOLAH (MPMBS)
items: PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ARAB SAUDI
items: PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI AMERIKA
items: SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MALAYSIA
items: PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI AUSTRALIA
items: PERAN KOMITE SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU SARANA DAN PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN
items: POLA ASUH PARENTING STYLEMETODE PENGASUHAN DAN PENDIDIKAN PADA ANAK
items: PERKAMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PAKISTAN
items: FENOMENA SOSIAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN DAN ISU-ISU SOSIAL BUDAYA
items: SEJARAH DAN PERUBAHAN, PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MESIR
items: INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI MTSS UMMUL QURA AMUNTAI
items: IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DI ERA MULTIKULTURALISME
items: KOLAJAR 12 (KOMUNITAS GURU PEMBELAJAR 12) SEBAGAI SARANA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DI SMAN 12 BANDUNG
items: PELAKSANAAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM NURUL ISLAM
items: KOMPETENSI SOSIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI TK BUNGA WINAYA KECAMATAN CIRACAP KABUPATEN SUKABUMI (STUDI KASUS DI TK BUNGA WINAYA)
items: PEMBINAAN KARAKTER SANTRIWATI MELALUI FORUM ANNISA DI PONDOK PESANTREN MADINATUL MUNAWWARAH
items: PEMBINAAN AKHLAK PADA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER DI MTsN 6 AGAM
items: PENGUNAAN ICE BREAKING DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMAN 2 BAYANG KELAS XI DAN XII
items: IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN MUHADHARAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN BAKAT SANTRI DI PONPES MADINATUL MUNAWWARAH
items: MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM KONTEKS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI
items: KEUNGGULAN PROGRAM TAHFIDZ DALAM MEMACU TINGKAT KECERDASAN SISWA DI MAN 2 KOTA BUKITTINGGI
items: DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN PPKn KREATIF DAN INTERAKTIF UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMP 35 MEDAN
items: PENERAPAN METODE PEMBIASAAN DALAM MENANAMKAN KEDISIPLINAN ANAK USIA DINI UMUR 5-6 TAHUN

ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. MAHAKA MEDIA Tbk PERIODE 2023-2024
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the financial performance of PT. Mahaka Media Tbk during the 2023–2024 period using a financial ratio analysis approach. The financial ratios applied in this study include liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and activity ratios. The data used are secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research method employed is a descriptive quantitative method by comparing the results of financial ratio calculations between periods. The results indicate that the financial performance of PT. Mahaka Media Tbk during the 2023–2024 period experienced fluctuations in several financial ratios. Liquidity ratios reflect the company’s ability to meet short-term obligations, while solvency ratios indicate that the company’s financing structure is still dominated by debt. Profitability ratios show the level of efficiency in generating profits, whereas activity ratios illustrate the effectiveness of the company in managing its assets. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the financial performance of PT. Mahaka Media Tbk during the research period needs improvement, particularly in terms of profitability and asset management efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Liquidity Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Solvency Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Activity Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitability Ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Diva Astrid
creator: Tawakkal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 16

PENGARUH METODE AL-BARQY MENGGUNAKAN KARTU HURUF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AL-QUR’AN DI SD ISLAM AL-AZHAR 67 BUKITTINGGI
type: item
description: The issue in this study stems from pupils' poor learning outcomes. The results show that 65 percent of the MID pupils in the first grade at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi had scores lower than KKTP in the 2023– 2024 school year's Qur'an Education Lessons. Consequently, the Al- Barqy Method is implemented while pupils are learning. A quantitative approach characterises this research method, which is quasi- experimental in nature. This study aims to accomplish the following: (1) to research the Al-Barqy method's usage of letter cards in first-grade Qur'an classes at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukttinggi (2) In order to determine the effects of using the Al-Barqy method using letter cards in Qur'an education lessons at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi, first seat... Thirdly, we want to see how first graders at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi fare when taught the Qur'an using the Al-Barqy approach, which makes use of letter cards. Concerning the matter of being familiar with the hijaiyah letters. After applying the Al-Barqy method, the learning results increased by 58.96% according to the N-Gain value test, which was in the medium category. The interpretation was also effective, leading to the conclusion that Ha was accepted. The hypothesis test, conducted using SPSS 26 software, yielded a significance score (2-tailed) = 0.000 < α = 0.05 and a significance value (2-tailed) < α. It follows that the Al-Barqy approach to teaching Hijaiyah letters through the use of letter cards has an effect on the results of Qur'an education at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Al-Barqy
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Qur'anic Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Yesy Rahmi Putri MZ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 1313
ending page: 1324

IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS 1A DI MIS AT-TAQWA SAMBASTAHUN AJARAN 2023-2024
type: item
description: The aim of this research is to describe: 1) Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategy steps in Class IA Thematic Subjects at MIS At- Taqwa Sambas 2) Implications of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Strategies in Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At-Taqwa Sambas, 3) supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Strategy in Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At-Taqwa Sambas. This research uses a qualitative approach and phenomenological research type. The results of the research show that 1) The steps of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategy in Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At- Taqwa Sambas are in accordance with the process of constructivism, finding, asking, learning communities, models, reflection and final assessment 2) There is an impact of using the Contextual Teaching and Learning Strategy Learning (CTL) in Mathematics class IA at MIS At- Taqwa Sambas which is related to contextual learning components, namely establishing meaningful relationships, doing meaningful work, carrying out self-regulated learning processes, collaborating, thinking critically and creative, providing individualized services, striving to achieve high standards, and using authentic assessments 3) Supporting factors are students, the learning environment and learning media, while inhibiting factors are students and implementation time for implementing the Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Strategy In Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At-Taqwa Sambas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Learning Strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: CTL
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Urva Afina
creator: Yayan Ridwan, Muhammad Asyura
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 1636
ending page: 1645

PENERAPAN ASESMEN SUMATIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DALAM KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SDS TARBIYATUL ISLAM SAMBAS
type: item
description: The implementation of summative assessment is to measure whether predetermined learning objectives have been achieved. This summative assessment is carried out at the end of the semester to determine whether or not the student passes. However, the implementation of summative assessment at Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas Elementary School is very much contrary to the Merdeka curriculum assessment criteria, where the semester final assessment criteria in the Merdeka curriculum are that no students are held back, even if their private and public examination scores do not meet the criteria. This summative assessment is carried out using test techniques. The test technique used is a series of questions in the form of multiple choice and essay questions. This study aims to analyse the application of summative assessment used in IPAS learning at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Descriptive data collection was obtained from observation, interview and documentation. The subjects in this study were IPAS teachers at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas as research subjects and documentation as support. The data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. To find out the research results, it is necessary to describe the results of the interview research on IPAS teachers at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas in summative assessment in IPAS learning. The results of the research on the application of summative assessment in IPAS learning at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam are quite effective.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Summative Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Merdeka Curriculum
  topic: keywords
creator: Rona Rona
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 1908
ending page: 1915

ANALISIS RISIKO HUKUM PENGGUNAAN ROBO-ADVISOR DALAM INVESTASI SAHAM SYARIAH: STUDI ASPEK GHARAR DAN MAYSIR
type: item
description: The development of financial technology (FinTech) has introduced innovations such as Robo-Advisors, digital platforms providing algorithm-based investment management services. In the Sharia capital market, the use of Robo-Advisors presents new challenges concerning compliance with Sharia principles, specifically the prohibition of Gharar (uncertainty) and Maysir (gambling). This research aims to analyze the legal risks of using Robo-Advisors in Sharia stock investment in Indonesia through a normative-juridical approach. The findings indicate that Gharar risk arises from the "black box" nature of the algorithms, where investors do not fully understand the basis of investment decision-making transparently. Meanwhile, Maysir risk can be detected if the algorithm encourages speculative high-frequency trading (churning). From a regulatory perspective, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) need to strengthen algorithm audit standards to ensure that Robo-Advisor operations remain within the valid framework of the wakalah bil ujrah contract without manipulative elements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Robo-Advisor
  topic: keywords
subject: Sharia Stocks
  topic: keywords
subject: Gharar
  topic: keywords
subject: Maysir
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuniartik Yuniartik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 17
ending page: 24

KARAKTER RELIGIUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI (STUDI KASUS PEMBIASAAN BERDO’A SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN BELAJARDI SPS BOUGENVIL) KECAMATAN CIRACAP
type: item
description: What matters most about a person is their religious character. Developing one's religious character is an ongoing process that requires context. Character education, then, needs to start early so that it can take root and grow. Childhood is a wonderful time when children's minds are open and susceptible to new ideas, and as parents and teachers, we hope that all of our children have healthy brain development and grow into happy and successful people. Being well-rounded encompasses not only intellectual prowess and the ability to express oneself clearly, but also a robust spiritual intelligence that can be developed by early exposure to religious values, including regular prayer. Examining the practices of religious character development in the classroom at SPS Bougenvil in Ciracap Regency is the primary goal of this research. In this qualitative research method, a case study methodology is utilized. The location of the study was SPS Bougainvillea in the Ciracap District of the Sukabumi Regency in West Java. A total of ten first-year PAUD SPS Bougenvil students served as study participants. Previous studies' findings don't seem to be applicable; so, habituation and ongoing education are necessary to help kids become accustomed to it in their daily lives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious
  topic: keywords
subject: Praying
  topic: keywords
subject: Bougainvillea
  topic: keywords
creator: Aam Hamidah
creator: Ibnu Huri, Indra Zultiar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 470
ending page: 486

MENGINTEGRASIKAN PEMBELAJARAN SOSIAL DAN EMOSIONAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DI KELAS
type: item
description: Education is not only about mastery of academic material, but also about the development of social and emotional skills that are essential for life success. One of one important aspect in students' development is their self-confidence. This study aims to explore the effect of integratin social and emotional learning on improving students' self-confidence in the classroom. The research method used is qualitative and literature study. During the research period, learning approaches that integrate social and emotional aspects, such as group work, self-reflection, and problem solving, were applied in daily learning. Problem solving, were applied in daily learning. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' self- confidence level after the implementation of the integrated learning approach. Students showed improvement in their ability to overcome challenges, confidence in communication, and confidence in their academic abilities. These findings support the importance of integrating social and emotional learning in the curriculum to promote students' holistic development. Implication of this study is the need for a holistic and integrated learning approach in supporting students' confidence development in the classroom. This research contributes to the practical and theoretical understanding of the influence of social and emotional learning on students' self-confidence. This study contributes to the practical and theoretical understanding of the influence of social and emotional learning on students' self- confidence. Further studies can explore more specific and effective strategies in integrating social and emotional aspects in learning to improve students' confidence more broadly.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Social
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Karisma Tiku Allo
creator: Sariawan, Irianto Sara, Erniati Marampa’
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 423
ending page: 432

KEBIJAKAN KEPALA SMP NEGERI 1 AIMAS DALAM IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU BERBASIS SEKOLAH (MPMBS)
type: item
description: This study assessed the principal's competence in implementing School-Based Quality Improvement Management (Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Berbasis Sekolah, or MPMBS) using qualitative methods, focusing on the MPMBS Program's execution. Participants included the principal, vice principal, teachers, administrative staff, students, and the school committee. Data were gathered through interviews, documentation, and observation. The principal's implementation of MPMBS comprised several aspects: 1.) ensuring the teaching and learning process meets customer satisfaction, 2.) planning school programs to align with cultural demands and student needs, 3.) managing the curriculum through planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating, 4.) handling human resources by developing, compensating, and motivating personnel, 5.) managing equipment and supplies to provide optimal learning facilities, 6.) overseeing finances transparently, 7.) delivering student services from entry to exit, 8.) fostering school-community relations through cooperation, and 9.) managing the school climate to create a conducive environment. Recommendations suggest the Sorong Regency Education and Culture Office should further encourage schools to empower the implementation of School-Based Quality Improvement Management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Policy of the principal
  topic: keywords
subject: MPMBS
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Wisnu Wardoyo
creator: Rustamadji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 405
ending page: 422

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ARAB SAUDI
type: item
description: Islamic Education in Saudi Arabia. Islamic education in Saudi Arabia has a central role in shaping the identity and values of Saudi Arabian society. The country has long been a center of Islamic educational activity, playing an important role in the spread and maintenance of Islamic teachings throughout the world. This article discusses several key aspects of Islamic education in Saudi Arabia, including educational structure, curriculum. The structure of Islamic education in Saudi Arabia consists of various levels, from primary education to tertiary level. Islamic schools teach religious knowledge, the Koran, hadith, and other religious studies. The Islamic education curriculum is directed at ensuring a deep understanding of Islamic teachings and fostering Islamic moral and ethical values in everyday life. Islamic education in Saudi Arabia has a significant impact on shaping the character and worldview of its people. Even though it continues to develop, challenges and debates continue to emerge along with efforts to align Islamic education with the demands of the modern era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
creator: Raden Roro Dinul Qoyyimah
creator: Suryati Suryati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 395
ending page: 404

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI AMERIKA
type: item
description: The 9/11 tragedy that occurred in the United States, precisely at that time, the World Trade Center building as the center of the United States economy collapsed due to a plane crash that was allegedly controlled by terrorists. After this tragedy, the United States intensively used the media to convey an image of Islam that is synonymous with violence. “Terrorism” and “Islamophobia” are widely discussed. Muslims believe that the United States deliberately did something like this for its political interests. Relations between Islam and the West are heating up. The 9/11 tragedy became one of the world's concerns about Islam. In the Middle Ages, Western countries interacted with Eastern countries which resulted in colonization of Eastern countries. For the sake of colonialism, Western countries needed a variety of knowledge about their society and even their religion, so they sent scholars to study it. This is where the term oriental expert emerged, or what is usually called orientalism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: America
  topic: keywords
creator: Krisno Krisno
creator: Agussalim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 368
ending page: 374

SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MALAYSIA
type: item
description: The aim and purpose of education in Islam is among others to form a cohesive Muslim personal in the development of spiritual, physical, emotional, intellectual and social. It is not only produced good citizens but also covers the formation of a complete human capital in terms of religious and worldly life. In addition, the education that is based on the teachings of Islam also aimed at producing righteous human that can meet the needs of the world and life in the hereafter. The main focus of this journal is about the history and development of Islamic Education subject in Malaysia. It also includes the etymology of education and the Islamic education debate from the views of scholars and academics. Discussions also focused on the development of Islamic education subject in Malaysia in the early period of Islam, development during the Western colonization and development of education in Islam after the country gained independence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Education
  topic: keywords
subject: History
  topic: keywords
subject: Subject
  topic: keywords
subject: Malaysia
  topic: keywords
creator: Wiro Riwansah
creator: Eli Ernawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 385
ending page: 394

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI AUSTRALIA
type: item
description: Australia, although geographically close to Asia, still maintains cultural closeness to the Western world. The majority of the population adheres to Christianity, but Islam has developed rapidly in this country. The growth of Islam in Australia cannot be separated from the active role played by the Muslim community, which consists of individuals who migrated to Australia for various reasons such as economic and political motives. To integrate and preserve their Islamic identity, Muslims in these communities make various efforts. Based on this background, this article discusses Australian history, the origins of the Australian population, the history of Islam in Australia, Islamic education in Australia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: History
  topic: keywords
subject: Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: Australia
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Ridho
creator: Walhadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 375
ending page: 384

PERAN KOMITE SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU SARANA DAN PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN
type: item
description: Committee school is self-supporting body that place role and society in order to upgrade, generalization, and efficiency of education management in set of good education at education of school progress, band of school education and also education band external school. Research Target this is the to Know role of school committee in facilities and basic facilities levying. Focus in research this is the; Role of school committee in facilities and basic facilities levying in SMAN 2 Halong. Researcher uses research method qualitative descriptive, data collecting technique as used in research this is the circumstantial interview, participant observation and documentation study. Technique of data validity uses triangulation. Result and conclusion in research this is the; Role of school committee in of vital importance levying of school facilities and basic facilities for by existence of acceptable medium then study activity can walk with maximal.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Role Committee School
  topic: keywords
subject: Levying Facilities and Basic Facilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Miranti Miranti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 321
ending page: 332

POLA ASUH PARENTING STYLEMETODE PENGASUHAN DAN PENDIDIKAN PADA ANAK
type: item
description: The personality of a child is determined by several factors: genetic and environmental factors. Parents who are the first environment a child encounters provide a great contribution in shaping the personality of a child. Families have models of parenting as well as methods of providing education. There are three kinds of parenting that parents can apply to children, namely: democratic parenting, permissiveness and authority. Democratic parenting gives children freedom responsibly, while authoritarian parenting is a way of educating children by using authoritarian leadership, that is, parents determine all policies, steps and tasks that must be done. Authoritarian parenting reflects the attitude of parents who act hard and tend to discriminate. Permissive parenting patterns have the characteristics of parents to give full freedom to children to do so that sometimes children do actions that are against the rules. In providing parenting to children, some strategies provide education with exemplary methods, familiarization, attention, advice and methods of punishment
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parenting
  topic: keywords
subject: education methods in children
  topic: keywords
creator: Ria Rachmawati
creator: Tantohadi, Ubabuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 304
ending page: 316

PERKAMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PAKISTAN
type: item
description: In the historical trajectory of Islamic civilization, the role of education can truly be actualized and applied, precisely in the era of Islamic glory, which was all a process of the long time that Muslims have been involved in the protection of Islamic sciences which originate from the Koran and As-Sunnah. We can see this, where education is truly able to shape civilization, so that Islamic civilization becomes the leading civilization as well as a civilization that colors the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, West Asia and Eastern Europe. For this reason, the existence of an educational paradigm that empowers students is a necessity. Islamic religious education in Pakistan is divided into 3 categories, namely: Quranic School, Mosque Primary School, and Madrasah. The education policy between Pakistan and Indonesia is almost the same, namely making education compulsory for their citizens. It's just that in Pakistan it is mandatory to study up to high school, while in Indonesia it is only up to junior high school.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Fitrina Martajasa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 296
ending page: 303

FENOMENA SOSIAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN DAN ISU-ISU SOSIAL BUDAYA
type: item
description: This article explains social phenomena in education and socio-cultural issues. Social phenomena are all symptoms or events that can be observed and studied in social life or social science. Social phenomena are facts that emerge in society as a result of interactions between individuals or groups in society. Social culture is all the values that apply in a society which are characteristics of the society itself. This means that social culture is a dynamic in society, including in education. This research study uses a literature review in which the literature is taken according to the subject matter and analyzed in depth so that conclusions and findings in the research can be drawn. Literature taken from books and journals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Socio-Cultural
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Cultural Issues
  topic: keywords
creator: Nova Riza
creator: Marsiyeh
creator: Ubabuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 289
ending page: 295

SEJARAH DAN PERUBAHAN, PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MESIR
type: item
description: ABSTRACT Educational reform in Egypt has become a major focus of the government and society, especially in recent decades. Various initiatives have been launched to improve the quality of education, following global trends in the development of more relevant and effective education systems. The education system in Egypt consists of several levels, starting from primary education, secondary education, to tertiary education. Education management in Egypt involves a series of policies, programs, and practices designed to manage and coordinate various aspects of education in the country. Overall, educational management in Egypt covers various aspects designed to ensure effective and efficient management of the national education system in order to achieve stated educational goals. Educational reform in Egypt is an effort aimed at restructuring and improving the education system in the country. These reforms are driven by awareness of the need to improve the quality of education, overcome existing challenges, and prepare Egypt's young generation to face global changes and the demands of an increasingly complex job market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: Egypt
  topic: keywords
creator: Delisa Delisa
creator: Sari Rohati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 277
ending page: 288

INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI MTSS UMMUL QURA AMUNTAI
type: item
description: General learning which is integrated with Islamic values has made learning more interesting, students look more serious and active in participating in their learning. Based on this statement, this study aims to find out how to integrate Islamic values in social studies learning at MTSS Ummul Qura Amuntai and what Islamic values are integrated in social studies learning at MTSS Ummul Qura Amuntai. The subjects in this study were 1 social studies teacher at MTSS Ummul Qura Amuntai. The techniques used in data collection are interviews, observation, and documentaries. Then it is processed through the process of data reduction, data display, and data verification. Meanwhile, to analyze the data the author uses descriptive and qualitative analysis. After the data is analyzed, it can finally beconcluded that the integration of Islamic values in social studies learning at MTSS Ummul Qura Amuntai can be concluded, that; 1) Social studies teachers have integrated Islamic values in their learning. Every material presented is integrated with Islamic values, such as human material as a social being, material in the universe, historical material, and other materials. 2) Social studies teachers have integrated Islamic values in their learning. As for the integrated Islamic values, such as establishing good relationships with others in accordance with Islamic teachings, maintaining social harmony, mutual respect for one another, giving to one another, and also helping each other. Other Islamic values also include good behavior or rights among others, not offending anyone, being grateful for the blessings of Allah SWT, and having faith in Him.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Values
  topic: keywords
subject: and Social Studies Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Imam Dhia Ul Islam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 266
ending page: 276

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DI ERA MULTIKULTURALISME
type: item
description: The diversity of culture, ethnicity, religion, tribe, language and other aspects makes Indonesia a multicultural country that is recognized by other countries. There are positive and negative impacts of multicultural countries. Negative impacts include being able to cause differences of opinion, conflict, injustice, social integration and ethnocentrism. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of Pancasila values through Pancasila education in the multicultural era. Writing scientific articles uses qualitative methods, using literature study collection techniques. The Pancasila values contained in it, such as cooperation, unity, tolerance, solidarity, mutual cooperation, are used as guidelines in social life. Thus, the values of Pancasila must already exist within the individual before acting in real life. So that multicultural life does not give rise to social conflicts that will destroy peace in the environment
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pancasila
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiculturalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Wati Solihat Sukmawati
creator: Bahari
creator: Rheka humanis Degawan
creator: Nanang Zakaria
creator: Marzuki
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 250
ending page: 258

KOLAJAR 12 (KOMUNITAS GURU PEMBELAJAR 12) SEBAGAI SARANA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DI SMAN 12 BANDUNG
type: item
description: The independent curriculum gives teachers at SMAN 12 Bandung the freedom to create quality learning that suits students' needs and learning environment. The paradigm changes aimed at include strengthening the independence of teachers as holders of control in the learning process, releasing control over standards that are too binding and demand a homogeneous learning process in all educational units in Indonesia, and strengthening the rights and abilities of students to determine their learning process through determining learning goals, reflecting on his abilities, and taking steps proactively and responsibly for his own success. Based on the results of the review and observation of the implementation of the independent or IKM curriculum at SMAN 12 Bandung, there are still several IKM instruments that need to be strengthened, including those related to the preparation of ATP and Teaching Modules, P5 activities (Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project), and Differentiated learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive research that is reflective exploratory in nature. The subjects of this research were teachers at SMAN 12 Bandung in various subjects. The data collection mechanism is by conducting FGDs with all teachers at SMAN 12 Bandung. Meanwhile, the steps to be implemented in the data analysis method include (1) Situation, (2) Task, (3) Action, (4) Result. The Learning Teacher Community or Kolajar 12 is the method desired by teachers as a means of increasing the competence of teachers at SMAN 12 Bandung.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Independent Curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: IKM
  topic: keywords
subject: Competencies
  topic: keywords
subject: FGD
  topic: keywords
creator: Ananda Cipta Pamungkas
creator: Enok Nurjanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 239
ending page: 249

PELAKSANAAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM NURUL ISLAM
type: item
description: Research conducted at SDI Nurul Islam focused on the implementation of counseling guidance services at nurul islam Islamic elementary school. This research aims to objectively understand the situation of guidance and counseling in the school. The results of the interview with the Principal, revealed that guidance and counseling services involve various types, such as orientation, information, individual counseling, groups, and mediation. Class teachers also have a significant role in providing guidance and counseling. This research is a qualitative study that uses observation, interview, and documentation methods. Overall, this study provides an overview of the implementation of guidance and counseling services at SDI Nurul Islam. It was found that the role of teachers, especially class teachers, is very influential in helping students overcome problems. However, the study also highlighted the need for improvement in the thoroughness of guidance and counseling services, with a plan to develop specialized teachers to support students more optimally.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Guidance
  topic: keywords
subject: Counseling
  topic: keywords
subject: and Elementary School
  topic: keywords
creator: Terra Nurlatipah
creator: Nasichah, Sheyla Aulia Sagita, Akbar Nicholas Saputra, Muhammad Hudan Raya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 922
ending page: 927

KOMPETENSI SOSIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI TK BUNGA WINAYA KECAMATAN CIRACAP KABUPATEN SUKABUMI (STUDI KASUS DI TK BUNGA WINAYA)
type: item
description: The success of a nation's development is largely determined by its education system. The educational process is carried out mainly by schools. In most cases, the learning process is the first step. Success is largely determined by a person's level of emotional intelligence. Individual success in life is not influenced by intellectual quotient (IQ). The aim of this research is first, to find out how the principal's implementation of social competence affects teacher performance. Second, to find out how the performance of teachers at Bunga Winaya Kindergarten, Ciracap District, Sukabumi Regency. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study research design. The results of the research show that the implementation of the kindergarten principal's social competence affects teacher performance. Act as a leader who has a clear vision and mission and has a good personality and is able to influence or encourage teachers to improve their abilities. Act as a manager who manages all kindergarten programs and their sustainability. Receiving support from various parties, especially from the Foundation, teachers and parents as well as a conducive environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Competence of School Principals
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Evi Depriyani
creator: Elnawati, Asep Munajat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 909
ending page: 921

PEMBINAAN KARAKTER SANTRIWATI MELALUI FORUM ANNISA DI PONDOK PESANTREN MADINATUL MUNAWWARAH
type: item
description: Character education is one way to face challenges in the era of globalization. Character education in schools functions to develop students to have ethics, responsibility and concern, by implementing and teaching good character through an emphasis on universal values. In this era of globalization, students will be faced with external cultures that can damage students' personalities. In facing challenges, schools become a forum for strengthening the character of students in facing the flow of globalization. Strengthening character at this school can be done through positive activities, one of which is the Annisa forum. The Annisa Forum is one of the extracurricular activities at the Madinatul Munawwarah Islamic boarding school. The Annisa Forum provides materials regarding the scope of Islam, especially for women. With the studies given to female students, they can broaden their insight and strengthen their character in facing the era of globalization. In research carried out using qualitative research methods using field survey techniques.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: character education
  topic: keywords
subject: annisa forum
  topic: keywords
creator: Sintia afriyanti
creator: Isnando Tamrin, Harmen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 902
ending page: 908

PEMBINAAN AKHLAK PADA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER DI MTsN 6 AGAM
type: item
description: The development of morals in students is an important aspect of education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) 6 Agam Kubang Putih. The success of this moral development can be achieved through various extracurricular activities specifically designed to develop students' character and morality. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of extracurricular activities in developing student morals at MTsN 6 Agam. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation and interviews. Research participants involved students, extracurricular supervisors, and school principals. The research results show that extracurricular activities at MTsN 6 Agam have a significant role in developing student morals. Activities such as self- development, religious studies, social activities, and teamwork make a positive contribution to instilling moral and ethical values in students. Apart from that, student participation in these activities also increases their involvement in positive activities in the school and community environment. However, this research also identified several challenges in implementing moral development through extracurricular activities, such as limited resources and time. Therefore, it is recommended that schools continue to evaluate and improve in designing extracurricular activities that are more effective and sustainable in developing student morals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Moral development
  topic: keywords
subject: extracurricular activities
  topic: keywords
creator: Resky Putra Hrp
creator: Bambang Trisno
creator: Rahmadani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 894
ending page: 901

PENGUNAAN ICE BREAKING DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMAN 2 BAYANG KELAS XI DAN XII
type: item
description: Ice Breaking is one of the fun learning media by absorbing innovative, creative, futuristic elements. This study aims to determine the Use of Ice Breaking in Increasing Student Learning Motivation in Class XI and XII Islamic Religious Education Subjects at SMAN 2 Bayang. The research design was pre-experimental, namely the One Group Pre-Test and Post-Test Design. The subjects in this study were 56 students with data collection techniques using random quotas. The data analysis used in this study was the product moment correlation test. The statistical technique used was the Pearson Correlation Product Moment. The location of this research was at SMAN 2 Bayang Middle School. The data collection tool used was the Ice Breaking questionnaire. The motivation to learn PAI increased in students after the application of Ice. Breaking is 55.2% and the rest is influenced by other variables. Thus the research hypothesis is accepted, namely Ice Breaking has a significant and significant effect on students' motivation to learn PAI
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ice Breaking
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Religious Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Vira Hapena Putri
creator: M. Isnando Tamrin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 888
ending page: 893

IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN MUHADHARAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN BAKAT SANTRI DI PONPES MADINATUL MUNAWWARAH
type: item
description: This research focuses on the implementation of Muhadharah activities in improving the talents of students at the Madinatul Munawwarah Islamic boarding school. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of Muhadharah activities in improving the talents of students at Madinatul Munawwarah Islamic Boarding School. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach. The data obtained in this research was through interview observations and documentation studies. And based on the data obtained, the analysis researcher used descriptive analysis, namely by describing or illustrating how Muhadharah Activities are Implemented in Increasing the Talents of Santri at the Madinatul Munawwarah Islamic Boarding School. The results of this research are that muhadharah activities have a very important role in developing students' talents. Based on the results of research in the field, researchers obtained several findings, including that muuhadhoroh activities are routinely carried out every Friday at 07.00 WIT until finished, muhadhoroh activities must be carried out by each representative of each scheduled class. Apart from that, there are many benefits for students after taking part in these muhadhoroh activities, namely increasing their talent and confidence in speaking in public.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Muhadharah
  topic: keywords
subject: Talent
  topic: keywords
creator: Juwita Optalia
creator: Bambang Trisno
creator: Yuli Fatmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 880
ending page: 887

MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM KONTEKS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the use of learning media technology in Islamic Religious Education learning. This research method is a type of qualitative research using library research and field studies. The method used in this research is qualitative through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Elementary Schools in learning planning have created a syllabus and prepared lesson plans before carrying out teaching and learning activities to serve as a guide in the learning process. In the core of the lesson, technology lesson media is used through PPT and learning videos. Learning management has a crucial role in learning activities. Effective learning media management will achieve Islamic Religious Education learning objectives efficiently and effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: learning media
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
subject: technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Fajar Ardian
creator: Weriana, Handoyo Saputra, Andri Suryana, Arifen Anggara, Ami Latifah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 874
ending page: 879

KEUNGGULAN PROGRAM TAHFIDZ DALAM MEMACU TINGKAT KECERDASAN SISWA DI MAN 2 KOTA BUKITTINGGI
type: item
description: This research was written with the aim of examining the advantages of memorizing the Al-Qur'an in growing students' spiritual intelligence. The method used by researchers to study in this paper is a qualitative method with an analytical study which then produces several findings. First, cultivating spiritual intelligence is one method for solving the problem of a person's recent lack of morals. Second, the most effective way to grow a person's spiritual intelligence is through memorizing the Al-Qur'an because by memorizing the Al-Qur'an a person will always get closer to Allah. Third, memorizing the Al-Qur'an not only grows spiritual intelligence but can also grow emotional and intellectual intelligence. Fourth, those who memorize the Qur'an will essentially be influenced in their lifestyle, this is because they often mix it with the verses of Allah SWT. So that his lifestyle, mindset, personality and even behavior will be very similar to what is written in the Al-Qur'an which is his guide.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Qur'an tahfidz program
  topic: keywords
subject: superiority in memorizing
  topic: keywords
creator: Yulia Yulia
creator: Bambang Trisno
creator: Elfita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 866
ending page: 873

DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN PPKn KREATIF DAN INTERAKTIF UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMP 35 MEDAN
type: item
description: The lack of interest in learning Pancasila education and student citizenship is a challenge for the Pancasila education teacher and citizenship address the matter. Furthermore, even poor debriefing and limited teacher preparedness will not be able to accomplish the purposes of a new paradigm as an educational program amplified on his vision of shaping personal quality or making the younger generation into intelligent, characterless, and dependable citizens. Addressing the nature of Pancasila education and citizenship is linked to this study in order to know the success of Pancasila education and citizenship. The article is produced by a qualitative process of study. Data obtained comes from primary data sources with data gathering techniques comes from observation activities and uses secondary data sources. The teachers' design of learning can be adjusted so that the realization of interactive and creative learning can appeal to the passion and achievement of Pancasila education and student citizenship increases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Creative
  topic: keywords
subject: Interactive
  topic: keywords
subject: The design of learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Tawarika M. Pandiangan
creator: Yuli Indriani Lubis, Ida Nurjana Tamba, Ertika S. Pasaribu, Pebryna R. Siburian, Rian Todo Simanjuntak, Liber Siagian, Fazli Rachman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 858
ending page: 865

PENERAPAN METODE PEMBIASAAN DALAM MENANAMKAN KEDISIPLINAN ANAK USIA DINI UMUR 5-6 TAHUN
type: item
description: The habituation method is very effective for children aged 5-6 years. This is because children 5-6 years old have strong memories and immature personality conditions so they are easy to manage. With various habits that they do every day. That is why these habits instill moral values that are in accordance with religious and moral teachings. Therefore, after it is known that children's tendencies and instincts in teaching and habituation are very important compared to other ages, educators and parents should focus on teaching children about kindness and start getting used to it from the time they begin to understand the realities of life. Apart from that, discipline also needs to be formed from this age, because at this age the child will easily understand what we explain to the child. When discipline is taught and applied from an early age, it will help children have a good spirit of discipline that will be carried into adulthood.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Habituation method
  topic: keywords
subject: child discipline
  topic: keywords
creator: Rusiadi Rusiadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 846
ending page: 857