CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES adalah jurnal yang menerbitkan artikel penelitian yang mencangkup multidisiplin, yang meliputi; Humaniora dan ilmu sosial, ilmu politik kontemporer, ilmu pendidikan, psikologi, ilmu agama dan filsafat, ilmu teknik, bisnis dan ekonomi, Koperasi, teknologi, ilmu kesehatan, ilmu kedokteran, pengembangan SDM, ilmu seni desain dan media, komunikasi, pertanian, perhutanan dan ilmu-ilmu lainnya. CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES diterbitkan tiga bulan sekali dalam setahun, jurnal peer-review, dan mengkhususkan diri dalam penelitian lapangan dan kajian referensi yang berkaitan dengan multidisiplin keilmuan. Jurnal ini mengundang para cendekiawan dan pakar yang bekerja di semua disiplin ilmu. Artikel harus asli, berbasis penelitian lapangan dan literatur, tidak dipublikasikan dan tidak sedang dalam peninjauan untuk kemungkinan publikasi di jurnal lain. Semua makalah yang dikirimkan tunduk pada tinjauan editor, dewan redaksi, dan peninjau buta. Nama Jurnal : CAPITALIS: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Bahasa : Indonesia ISSN : 3030-8135 (Online) Issue Frequently : Tiga Kali dalam Setahun Chief of Editor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aslan, M.Pd.I Publisher : Adisam Publisher this journal is indexed by:
The commitment of prospective Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers reflects their dedication, responsibility, and seriousness in fulfilling their roles as educators based on Islamic values. This commitment serves as a fundamental foundation in educating, guiding, and shaping students’ character to become faithful, pious, and morally upright individuals. Key characteristics of this commitment include professional responsibility, dedication and loyalty, the ability to serve as role models, continuous competency development, and concern for students’ growth. Efforts to strengthen this commitment involve deepening understanding of the teaching profession, internalizing Islamic values, improving academic and professional competencies, engaging in teaching practice, and conducting continuous self-reflection. With strong commitment, prospective PAI teachers are expected to perform professionally and contribute positively to the advancement of Islamic education.
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Value education within the family is a process of instilling moral, religious, social, and cultural values in children through daily life. The family, as the first educational environment, plays a crucial role in shaping the foundation of a child's character before they interact with the wider community. Parents act as educators, guides, and role models in instilling positive values such as honesty, discipline, responsibility, politeness, compassion, and religiosity. The implementation of these values is carried out through advice, habituation, role modeling, motivation, and appropriate consequences. Family-based value education has a significant impact on children's character development, moral formation, emotional stability, and readiness to face external influences. Therefore, value education in the family serves as the primary foundation in shaping children into individuals with good character, responsibility, and the ability to live positively in society.
TRANFORMASI SUMBER DAYA INSANI MENUJU MASYARAKAT INKLUSIF:ANALISIS KETERKAITAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN SDG 1
This study analyses the relationship between the strengthening of Human Resources (HR) and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1: No Poverty, through the lens of inclusive development and Islamic values. Human Resources are positioned as the cornerstone of sustainable human development, encompassing spiritual, intellectual, social, psychological and economic dimensions. This research employs a library-based approach, examining the literature, reports from global institutions, and concepts of human development within the Islamic intellectual tradition. The results of the analysis indicate that the transformation of HR has both direct and indirect effects on poverty reduction through increased productivity, the expansion of financial literacy, the strengthening of households’ adaptive capacity, and the formation of a more inclusive society. The study formulates a comprehensive conceptual framework and offers policy recommendations to optimise the contribution of HR to sustainable national socio-economic development.
Modern education is a learning system that adapts to technological developments and the demands of the times, emphasising the development of critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration and problem-solving skills. The learning process is no longer centred on rote learning, but rather on learners playing an active role in developing their potential through the guidance of educators. Advances in information and communication technology, such as the use of digital learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), have helped to foster a more flexible, interactive and engaging learning experience. However, the implementation of modern education still faces various challenges, including the digital divide, low digital literacy, barriers to technology integration, and the mental and social issues faced by learners. Therefore, collaboration between the government, schools, educators and the community is required to realise an education system that is equitable, inclusive and relevant to the changing times.
Values education is an important part of the educational process, aimed at shaping the character, morals and personality of learners. In its implementation, various appropriate approaches are required so that the values taught can be understood, internalised and put into practice. This article discusses various approaches to values education, such as the values instillation approach, moral development, values clarification, values analysis and action learning. Each approach has its own characteristics that can be adapted to the needs of learners and the learning context. Furthermore, the success of values education is also influenced by the synergy between the family, school and community environments, as well as the ability to adapt to changing times and technology. With the right, integrated approach, values education is expected to produce individuals of good character, high ethical standards and a sense of responsibility in social life.
DETERMINAN KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Poverty remains a major development problem in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), education, unemployment, population, and health on poverty levels in regencies/cities of East Nusa Tenggara during 2017–2025. This research uses panel data from 22 regencies/cities and applies the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) panel regression method. The results show that simultaneously GRDP, average years of schooling, open unemployment rate, population, and life expectancy significantly affect poverty levels. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0,996292 indicates that 99,6292 percent of poverty variation can be explained by the variables in this study. Partially, GRDP and life expectancy have a negative and significant effect on poverty, while the average years of schooling, open unemployment rate and population has a positive but insignificant effect on poverty.
PERAN BRAND IMAGE MEMEDIASI PENGARUH SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TERHADAP REPURCHASE INTENTION KONSUMEN PRASANTHI TEXTILE DI GIANYAR(Studi pada Konsumen Prasanthi Textile di Gianyar)
This study aims to examine the role of brand image as a variable that mediates the influence of social media marketing on repurchase intention. The study was conducted on Prasanthi Textile consumers in Gianyar Regency using a quantitative approach using the associative method, and sample determination through a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method, resulting in 120 respondents as the research sample. Data collection was carried out through a survey with a questionnaire instrument distributed directly and online. The theory used in this study is the Consumer Behavior Model. The data analysis technique applied was path analysis with the help of SPSS software and the Sobel test to test the mediation role. The results showed that social media marketing had a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention and on brand image, while brand image had a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. Brand image was proven to be able to partially mediate the influence of social media marketing on repurchase intention of Prasanthi Textile consumers. The influence of social media marketing on repurchase intention showed a greater contribution through the mediation role. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of Prasanthi Textile to improve the quality of social media content, strengthen interactivity and engagement with consumers, and maintain consistency in delivering brand information to build a positive brand image and encourage increased consumer repurchase intention.
PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MENANAMKAN SIKAP TOLERANSI ANTAR AGAMA PADA SISWA KELAS X TKJ DI SMK NEGERI 1 SAMBAS
This study aims to describe the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in instilling interreligious tolerance among tenth-grade students of the Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) program at SMK Negeri 1 Sambas, the forms of tolerance instilled, and the supporting and inhibiting factors. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through non-participant observation, structured interviews with the PAI teacher and ten students (six Muslim and four non-Muslim), and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with data validity examined through technique, source, and time triangulation as well as member checking. The findings show that the PAI teacher acts as a role model and motivator: treating all students fairly regardless of religion, maintaining respectful speech, giving non-Muslim students the freedom to remain in or leave the classroom during PAI lessons, and continuously providing advice and motivation to live harmoniously in diversity. The tolerance attitudes instilled include accepting, respecting, and appreciating religious differences, which are reflected in students’ daily interactions. The supporting factors are a conducive school environment and school organizations and activities, while the inhibiting factors are students’ uneven levels of awareness and understanding and the limited learning time available.
PENGARUH PUPUK HIJAU KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PANEN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.)DI GREEN HOUSE FMIPA UPG 1945 NTT
This study aimed to determine the effect of green kirinyuh fertilizer (Chromolaena odorata) on the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and to determine the optimum dose. The research was conducted at the Green House of FMIPA UPG 1945 NTT, Oebobo Subdistrict, Kupang City from November to December 2025. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments: P0 as control without fertilizer, P1 250 ml liquid organic fertilizer of kirinyuh per liter of water, P2 500 ml/liter, P3 750 ml/liter, and P4 1000 ml/liter. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with the BNJ test at the 5% level. The results showed that the application of green kirinyuh fertilizer had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of lettuce. Treatment P4 gave the best results in all parameters with a plant height of 8.92 cm, number of leaves 12.50, and fresh weight 37.17 grams. This increase was presumably due to the nutrient content in kirinyuh liquid fertilizer consisting of N 3.705%, P 0.385%, and K 2.978% which play a role in vegetative growth and plant metabolism. Therefore, the optimum dose of green kirinyuh fertilizer in this study was 1000 ml per liter of water. The use of green kirinyuh fertilizer is recommended as an environmentally friendly and economical organic fertilizer alternative to increase lettuce production.
STRATEGI GURU ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DAN SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MELALUI METODE GAMIFIKASI STUDI DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 29 SUKARAMAI DESA DALAM KAUM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2025/2026
This study was motivated by the low level of students’ learning motivation, limited participation in the learning process, and students’ lack of confidence in asking and answering questions due to teacher-centered instruction. Therefore, an innovative learning strategy is needed, one of which is the gamification method.The purpose of this study was to examine the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the teaching strategies used by Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) teachers to improve students’ learning motivation through gamification. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources consisted of the teacher and fourth-grade students.The findings indicate that: (1) gamification-based lesson planning had been conducted by incorporating game elements such as points and rewards, but it had not been fully directed toward optimizing students’ learning motivation; (2) the implementation of learning through gamification was able to create a more enjoyable learning atmosphere, but it had not evenly increased the activeness and confidence of all students; and (3) the evaluation of learning still focused on learning outcomes and student participation and had not yet employed specific instruments to measure learning motivation in depth. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the teacher’s strategy through the gamification method has not been fully optimal in improving students’ learning motivation, and therefore further development is needed in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning.
PENDEKATAN BEHAVIORISME, KOGNITIVISME, KONSTRUKTIVISME, DAN HUMANISME DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
This study aims to examine and analyze four major approaches in learning theory, namely behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism, as well as the relevance of their application in the learning process at the Elementary School (SD) level. The method used is library research by analyzing various relevant primary and secondary literature sources. The findings show that each approach has distinct characteristics, basic assumptions, and pedagogical implications that are different yet complementary. Behaviorism emphasizes the importance of reinforcement and conditioning in shaping student behavior. Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes and knowledge structures. Constructivism views learning as an active process of constructing knowledge. Meanwhile, humanism places student needs, motivation, and self-potential at the center of learning. In the context of elementary schools, an eclectic and adaptive integration of these four approaches can produce more holistic, meaningful, and student-centered learning. Elementary school teachers need to understand the theoretical foundations of each approach in order to select learning strategies most appropriate to the developmental characteristics of students aged 6-12 years.
PERBANDINGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Teaching models are a key component in determining the success of the educational process in primary schools. The selection of an appropriate teaching model will influence the level of student activity and learning outcomes. Two models widely applied in primary school education are the cooperative learning model and discovery learning. Both models are oriented towards student-centred learning, yet they possess distinct characteristics and approaches within the learning process. This article aims to analyse and compare the cooperative learning model and discovery learning in enhancing student activity and learning outcomes in primary schools. The method used is a literature review, examining various sources of literature including books, scientific journals, and educational policy documents. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-comparative approach to identify the similarities, differences, and strengths of each model. The findings indicate that the cooperative learning model is more effective in enhancing students’ social skills, cooperation, and active participation through group discussions. Meanwhile, discovery learning is more effective in developing critical and analytical thinking skills, as well as a deep conceptual understanding through the discovery process.
HUBUNGAN MODEL, PENDEKATAN, DAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN TEORI BELAJAR KONSTRUKTIVISME DAN HUMANISME DI SD/MI
This article aims to examine the relationship between learning models, approaches, and strategies and the theories of constructivism and humanism in elementary schools (SD/MI). In basic education practice, the selection of appropriate learning models, approaches, and strategies greatly determines the success of the teaching and learning process. Constructivist theory emphasizes that students construct their own knowledge through experience and interaction with their environment, while humanistic theory views learners as whole individuals whose potentials, interests, and needs must be respected and optimally developed. Through a literature review approach, this article analyzes the conceptual relationship between learning models such as problem-based learning, cooperative learning, and contextual learning and the principles of constructivism. In addition, it explains how student-centered approaches and strategies align with humanistic values, including respect for individual differences, the development of intrinsic motivation, and meaningful learning. The findings indicate that learning models, approaches,and strategies systematically designed based on constructivist and humanistic theories can create active, participatory, and enjoyable learning experiences, while supporting students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development in elementary schools (SD/MI). Therefore, the integration of these two learning theories serves as an essential foundation for designing effective learning that promotes the holistic development of learners.
Learning in elementary school requires strategies that are in accordance with the developmental characteristics of children who are active and enjoy playing activities. One innovation that can be applied is the development of game-based models in learning. This article aims to analyze the concepts, development procedures, and the effectiveness of game-based models in improving the activities and learning outcomes of elementary school students. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various theoretical sources and relevant research results. The findings indicate that game-based models can increase motivation, active participation, social skills, as well as students' conceptual understanding. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of teacher creativity in designing educational games that align with learning objectives and the characteristics of elementary school students.
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI DI SD UNTUK MENYESUAIKAN KEBUTUHAN SISWA YANG BERAGAM
The differentiated learning approach is a strategy that adapts teaching to students' diverse needs, abilities, interests, and learning styles. In elementary schools, this approach is essential to ensure that all students can learn optimally according to their characteristics. This study aims to describe the implementation of differentiated learning and its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that the application of differentiated content, process, and product can improve student participation, motivation, and overall learning achievement.
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK DI SEKOLAH DASAR (INDIKASI TERHADAP KREATIVITAS DAN KEMANDIRIAN SISWA)
Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is an innovative learning approach that is student- centered and emphasizes meaningful learning experiences through project activities. This research aims to examine the implementation of PjBL in elementary schools and its indications of increasing student creativity and independence. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various relevant literature sources, such as books, scientific journals and official educational documents. The results of the study show that PjBL makes a positive contribution to the development of student creativity, which is characterized by the ability to generate diverse ideas, think flexibly, and create original solutions. Apart from that, PjBL also has implications for increasing student learning independence, which can be seen from the ability to plan, manage and evaluate the learning process independently. The implementation of PjBL in elementary schools also encourages changes in the role of teachers to become facilitators and the use of authentic assessment in learning. Thus, PjBL can be an effective alternative learning approach in improving the quality of basic education, especially in developing students' creativity and independence in accordance with the demands of 21st century education.
ANALISIS LEKSIKAL ḤĀZAQ (חָזַק) DAN ’ĀMAṢ (אָמַץ) DALAM YOSUA 1:6-9: DIMENSI TEOLOGIS DALAM KEPEMIMPINAN DEUTERONOMISTIK
This study aims to conduct a lexical analysis of two Hebrew verbs, ḥāzaq (חָזַק) and ’āmaṣ (אָמַץ), in Joshua 1:6–9 and to explore their theological dimensions within the framework of Deuteronomistic leadership. These verbs appear repeatedly in God’s command to Joshua to “be strong and courageous” as he assumes leadership of Israel after the death of Moses. The research employs a lexical analysis of the Hebrew text by examining the word forms, their basic meanings, and their usage within the Old Testament, particularly in the Deuteronomistic tradition. The findings indicate that ḥāzaq emphasizes strength, firmness, and resilience, highlighting the capacity to remain steadfast in the face of leadership challenges. In contrast, ’āmaṣ underscores inner courage, determination, and mental readiness to carry out the mission entrusted by God. The repetition of these verbs in Joshua 1:6–9 functions not only as a rhetorical reinforcement but also carries significant theological meaning, emphasizing that leadership in the Deuteronomistic perspective must be grounded in obedience to the Torah and trust in God’s presence. Therefore, the strength and courage commanded to Joshua are not merely physical or military attributes but primarily spiritual qualities rooted in a faithful relationship with God and adherence to His word. This study demonstrates that the Deuteronomistic concept of leadership integrates courage, obedience to divine law, and confidence in God’s guidance as the foundation for effective leadership of God’s people.
INTERPRETASI HISTORIS KRISTIS TERHADAP BEHEMOT DAN LEVIATAN DALAM KITAB AYUB 40:10-28 DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI ORANG PERCAYA MASA KINI
The Book of Job is one of the wisdom books in the Old Testament that profoundly discusses the reality of human suffering and the sovereignty of God. In the final section of this book, particularly in Job chapters 40–41, God describes two powerful and mysterious creatures, namely Behemoth and Leviathan. The descriptions of these creatures have given rise to various interpretations among biblical scholars. This study aims to interpret Behemoth and Leviathan in Job 40:10–28 using a historical-critical approach and to examine their relevance for the lives of believers today. The historical-critical method is employed to understand the text based on its historical background, the culture of the Ancient Near East, and the literary context of the Book of Job. The results of this study indicate that Behemoth and Leviathan not only represent large and powerful physical creatures, but also symbolize natural forces that cannot be controlled by humans. Through these depictions, God affirms that all creation is under His sovereignty. For contemporary believers, this passage teaches the importance of humility, recognition of human limitations, and trust in God’s sovereignty in facing suffering and various life struggles.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. MAHAKA MEDIA Tbk PERIODE 2023-2024
This study aims to analyze the financial performance of PT. Mahaka Media Tbk during the 2023–2024 period using a financial ratio analysis approach. The financial ratios applied in this study include liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and activity ratios. The data used are secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research method employed is a descriptive quantitative method by comparing the results of financial ratio calculations between periods. The results indicate that the financial performance of PT. Mahaka Media Tbk during the 2023–2024 period experienced fluctuations in several financial ratios. Liquidity ratios reflect the company’s ability to meet short-term obligations, while solvency ratios indicate that the company’s financing structure is still dominated by debt. Profitability ratios show the level of efficiency in generating profits, whereas activity ratios illustrate the effectiveness of the company in managing its assets. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the financial performance of PT. Mahaka Media Tbk during the research period needs improvement, particularly in terms of profitability and asset management efficiency.
PENGARUH METODE AL-BARQY MENGGUNAKAN KARTU HURUF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AL-QUR’AN DI SD ISLAM AL-AZHAR 67 BUKITTINGGI
The issue in this study stems from pupils' poor learning outcomes. The results show that 65 percent of the MID pupils in the first grade at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi had scores lower than KKTP in the 2023– 2024 school year's Qur'an Education Lessons. Consequently, the Al- Barqy Method is implemented while pupils are learning. A quantitative approach characterises this research method, which is quasi- experimental in nature. This study aims to accomplish the following: (1) to research the Al-Barqy method's usage of letter cards in first-grade Qur'an classes at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukttinggi (2) In order to determine the effects of using the Al-Barqy method using letter cards in Qur'an education lessons at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi, first seat... Thirdly, we want to see how first graders at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi fare when taught the Qur'an using the Al-Barqy approach, which makes use of letter cards. Concerning the matter of being familiar with the hijaiyah letters. After applying the Al-Barqy method, the learning results increased by 58.96% according to the N-Gain value test, which was in the medium category. The interpretation was also effective, leading to the conclusion that Ha was accepted. The hypothesis test, conducted using SPSS 26 software, yielded a significance score (2-tailed) = 0.000 < α = 0.05 and a significance value (2-tailed) < α. It follows that the Al-Barqy approach to teaching Hijaiyah letters through the use of letter cards has an effect on the results of Qur'an education at SD Islam Al-Azhar 67 Bukittinggi.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS 1A DI MIS AT-TAQWA SAMBASTAHUN AJARAN 2023-2024
The aim of this research is to describe: 1) Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategy steps in Class IA Thematic Subjects at MIS At- Taqwa Sambas 2) Implications of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Strategies in Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At-Taqwa Sambas, 3) supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Strategy in Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At-Taqwa Sambas. This research uses a qualitative approach and phenomenological research type. The results of the research show that 1) The steps of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategy in Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At- Taqwa Sambas are in accordance with the process of constructivism, finding, asking, learning communities, models, reflection and final assessment 2) There is an impact of using the Contextual Teaching and Learning Strategy Learning (CTL) in Mathematics class IA at MIS At- Taqwa Sambas which is related to contextual learning components, namely establishing meaningful relationships, doing meaningful work, carrying out self-regulated learning processes, collaborating, thinking critically and creative, providing individualized services, striving to achieve high standards, and using authentic assessments 3) Supporting factors are students, the learning environment and learning media, while inhibiting factors are students and implementation time for implementing the Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Strategy In Class 1A Mathematics Subjects at MIS At-Taqwa Sambas.
PENERAPAN ASESMEN SUMATIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DALAM KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SDS TARBIYATUL ISLAM SAMBAS
The implementation of summative assessment is to measure whether predetermined learning objectives have been achieved. This summative assessment is carried out at the end of the semester to determine whether or not the student passes. However, the implementation of summative assessment at Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas Elementary School is very much contrary to the Merdeka curriculum assessment criteria, where the semester final assessment criteria in the Merdeka curriculum are that no students are held back, even if their private and public examination scores do not meet the criteria. This summative assessment is carried out using test techniques. The test technique used is a series of questions in the form of multiple choice and essay questions. This study aims to analyse the application of summative assessment used in IPAS learning at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Descriptive data collection was obtained from observation, interview and documentation. The subjects in this study were IPAS teachers at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas as research subjects and documentation as support. The data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. To find out the research results, it is necessary to describe the results of the interview research on IPAS teachers at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam Sambas in summative assessment in IPAS learning. The results of the research on the application of summative assessment in IPAS learning at SDS Tarbiyatul Islam are quite effective.
ANALISIS RISIKO HUKUM PENGGUNAAN ROBO-ADVISOR DALAM INVESTASI SAHAM SYARIAH: STUDI ASPEK GHARAR DAN MAYSIR
The development of financial technology (FinTech) has introduced innovations such as Robo-Advisors, digital platforms providing algorithm-based investment management services. In the Sharia capital market, the use of Robo-Advisors presents new challenges concerning compliance with Sharia principles, specifically the prohibition of Gharar (uncertainty) and Maysir (gambling). This research aims to analyze the legal risks of using Robo-Advisors in Sharia stock investment in Indonesia through a normative-juridical approach. The findings indicate that Gharar risk arises from the "black box" nature of the algorithms, where investors do not fully understand the basis of investment decision-making transparently. Meanwhile, Maysir risk can be detected if the algorithm encourages speculative high-frequency trading (churning). From a regulatory perspective, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) need to strengthen algorithm audit standards to ensure that Robo-Advisor operations remain within the valid framework of the wakalah bil ujrah contract without manipulative elements.
KARAKTER RELIGIUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI (STUDI KASUS PEMBIASAAN BERDO’A SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN BELAJARDI SPS BOUGENVIL) KECAMATAN CIRACAP
What matters most about a person is their religious character. Developing one's religious character is an ongoing process that requires context. Character education, then, needs to start early so that it can take root and grow. Childhood is a wonderful time when children's minds are open and susceptible to new ideas, and as parents and teachers, we hope that all of our children have healthy brain development and grow into happy and successful people. Being well-rounded encompasses not only intellectual prowess and the ability to express oneself clearly, but also a robust spiritual intelligence that can be developed by early exposure to religious values, including regular prayer. Examining the practices of religious character development in the classroom at SPS Bougenvil in Ciracap Regency is the primary goal of this research. In this qualitative research method, a case study methodology is utilized. The location of the study was SPS Bougainvillea in the Ciracap District of the Sukabumi Regency in West Java. A total of ten first-year PAUD SPS Bougenvil students served as study participants. Previous studies' findings don't seem to be applicable; so, habituation and ongoing education are necessary to help kids become accustomed to it in their daily lives.
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MENGINTEGRASIKAN PEMBELAJARAN SOSIAL DAN EMOSIONAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DI KELAS
Education is not only about mastery of academic material, but also about the development of social and emotional skills that are essential for life success. One of one important aspect in students' development is their self-confidence. This study aims to explore the effect of integratin social and emotional learning on improving students' self-confidence in the classroom. The research method used is qualitative and literature study. During the research period, learning approaches that integrate social and emotional aspects, such as group work, self-reflection, and problem solving, were applied in daily learning. Problem solving, were applied in daily learning. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' self- confidence level after the implementation of the integrated learning approach. Students showed improvement in their ability to overcome challenges, confidence in communication, and confidence in their academic abilities. These findings support the importance of integrating social and emotional learning in the curriculum to promote students' holistic development. Implication of this study is the need for a holistic and integrated learning approach in supporting students' confidence development in the classroom. This research contributes to the practical and theoretical understanding of the influence of social and emotional learning on students' self-confidence. This study contributes to the practical and theoretical understanding of the influence of social and emotional learning on students' self- confidence. Further studies can explore more specific and effective strategies in integrating social and emotional aspects in learning to improve students' confidence more broadly.
Sariawan, Irianto Sara, Erniati Marampa’
KEBIJAKAN KEPALA SMP NEGERI 1 AIMAS DALAM IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU BERBASIS SEKOLAH (MPMBS)
This study assessed the principal's competence in implementing School-Based Quality Improvement Management (Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Berbasis Sekolah, or MPMBS) using qualitative methods, focusing on the MPMBS Program's execution. Participants included the principal, vice principal, teachers, administrative staff, students, and the school committee. Data were gathered through interviews, documentation, and observation. The principal's implementation of MPMBS comprised several aspects: 1.) ensuring the teaching and learning process meets customer satisfaction, 2.) planning school programs to align with cultural demands and student needs, 3.) managing the curriculum through planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating, 4.) handling human resources by developing, compensating, and motivating personnel, 5.) managing equipment and supplies to provide optimal learning facilities, 6.) overseeing finances transparently, 7.) delivering student services from entry to exit, 8.) fostering school-community relations through cooperation, and 9.) managing the school climate to create a conducive environment. Recommendations suggest the Sorong Regency Education and Culture Office should further encourage schools to empower the implementation of School-Based Quality Improvement Management.
Islamic Education in Saudi Arabia. Islamic education in Saudi Arabia has a central role in shaping the identity and values of Saudi Arabian society. The country has long been a center of Islamic educational activity, playing an important role in the spread and maintenance of Islamic teachings throughout the world. This article discusses several key aspects of Islamic education in Saudi Arabia, including educational structure, curriculum. The structure of Islamic education in Saudi Arabia consists of various levels, from primary education to tertiary level. Islamic schools teach religious knowledge, the Koran, hadith, and other religious studies. The Islamic education curriculum is directed at ensuring a deep understanding of Islamic teachings and fostering Islamic moral and ethical values in everyday life. Islamic education in Saudi Arabia has a significant impact on shaping the character and worldview of its people. Even though it continues to develop, challenges and debates continue to emerge along with efforts to align Islamic education with the demands of the modern era.
The 9/11 tragedy that occurred in the United States, precisely at that time, the World Trade Center building as the center of the United States economy collapsed due to a plane crash that was allegedly controlled by terrorists. After this tragedy, the United States intensively used the media to convey an image of Islam that is synonymous with violence. “Terrorism” and “Islamophobia” are widely discussed. Muslims believe that the United States deliberately did something like this for its political interests. Relations between Islam and the West are heating up. The 9/11 tragedy became one of the world's concerns about Islam. In the Middle Ages, Western countries interacted with Eastern countries which resulted in colonization of Eastern countries. For the sake of colonialism, Western countries needed a variety of knowledge about their society and even their religion, so they sent scholars to study it. This is where the term oriental expert emerged, or what is usually called orientalism.
The aim and purpose of education in Islam is among others to form a cohesive Muslim personal in the development of spiritual, physical, emotional, intellectual and social. It is not only produced good citizens but also covers the formation of a complete human capital in terms of religious and worldly life. In addition, the education that is based on the teachings of Islam also aimed at producing righteous human that can meet the needs of the world and life in the hereafter. The main focus of this journal is about the history and development of Islamic Education subject in Malaysia. It also includes the etymology of education and the Islamic education debate from the views of scholars and academics. Discussions also focused on the development of Islamic education subject in Malaysia in the early period of Islam, development during the Western colonization and development of education in Islam after the country gained independence.
Australia, although geographically close to Asia, still maintains cultural closeness to the Western world. The majority of the population adheres to Christianity, but Islam has developed rapidly in this country. The growth of Islam in Australia cannot be separated from the active role played by the Muslim community, which consists of individuals who migrated to Australia for various reasons such as economic and political motives. To integrate and preserve their Islamic identity, Muslims in these communities make various efforts. Based on this background, this article discusses Australian history, the origins of the Australian population, the history of Islam in Australia, Islamic education in Australia.